Chapter 6

Oooo so sorry for the late post hehe....

Understanding Input :~

*Define input and differentiate among a program, command, and user response
*Identify the keys and buttons commonly found on desktop computer keyboards, and describe how       keyboards for mobile computers and devices differ from desktop computers keyboards
*Describe different mouse types and explain how to use a mouse
*Describe various types of touch screens and explain how a touch-sensitive pad work
*Describe various types of pen input, and identify other types of input for smart phones
*Summarise the purpose of various game controllers
*Explain how resolution affects the quality of a picture captured on a digital camera
*Describe the uses of voice recognition, Web cams, and video conferencing
*Discuss how various scanners and reading devices work
*Summarise the various biometric devices
*Discuss how POS terminals, automated teller machines, and DVD kiosks work
*Identify alternative input devices for physically challenged users

What is an Input ? 

*Instructions can be entered into the computer in the form of programs, commands, and user                 responses

The Keyboard :~

*Keyboard is an input device that contains keys users press to enter data and instructions into a computer.

*Most desktop computer keyboards have…

*Between 101 and 105 keys

         *A numeric keypad on the right side of the keyboard

         *Function keys, CTRL keys, ALT keys, and arrow keys

         *WINDOWS key

         *APPLICATION key

*Toggle keys 

Mouse :~

*A mouse is a device that enables the users to point the arrow on their desktop screen to open or        select a certain file or task.

           **disclaimer** :~ the mouse isn't an actual mice,but this is too cute >.< 

Touchscreen :~ 

*A touch screen is a touch-sensitive display device.

Pen Input :~  

*Pen input is when you touch a stylus or digital pen on a flat surface to write, draw, or make       selections.

Game Controllers :~ 

*Video games and computer games uses a game controller as the input device that directs            movements and actions of on-screen objects.

Examples of Game Controllers :~ 

         

          *Gamepads

          *Joysticks and Wheels

          *Light guns

          *Dance Pads
          *Motion-sensing controllers

             

          Digital Camera:~   

A      *Digital camera is a mobile device that allows users to take pictures and store them digitally.

         *Two factors affect the quality of digital camera photos

          

          ~Resolution

     Resolution is the number of horizontal and vertical pixels in a display device

     A pixel is the smallest element in an electronic display

       

          ~Number of bits stored in each pixel

     Each pixel consists of one or more bits of data

     The more bits used to represent a pixel, the more colors and shades of gray that can be represented

Voice Input :~

        *Voice input is the process of entering input by speaking into a microphone

        *Voice recognition is the computer’s capability of distinguishing spoken words

Video Input :~ 

        *Video input is the process of capturing full-motion images and storing them on a computer’s storage   medium

*A Web cam is a type of digital video camera that enables a user to

              *Capture video and still images

              *Send e-mail messages with video attachments

              *Add live images to instant messages

              *Broadcast live images over the Internet

              *Make video telephone calls

Scanners and Reading Devices :~

       *Optical character recognition (OCR) involves reading characters from ordinary documents

       *A turnaround document is a document you return to the company that creates and sends 

       *Optical mark recognition (OMR) reads hand-drawn marks such as small circles or rectangles

An  *OMR device scans the documents and matches the patterns of light

       *A bar code reader, also called a bar code scanner uses laser beams to read bar codes

*     *RFID (radio frequency identification) uses radio signals to communicate with a tag placed in or attached to  an object

       *An RFID reader reads information on the tag via radio waves 

       *RFID can track:-

         

          Tracking times of runners in a marathon

          Tracking location of soldiers

          Employee wardrobes

          Airline baggage

          Checking lift tickets of skiers

          Managing inventory

          Gauging pressure and temperature of tires

          Checking out library books

          Tracking toll payments

Biometric Input :~ 

*Biometrics authenticates a person’s identity by verifying a personal characteristic

>Fingerprint reader
>Face recognition system
>Hand geometry system
>Voice verification system
>Signature verification system
>Iris recognition system
>Retinal scanners

Terminals :~  


*A terminal is a computer that allows users to send data to and/or receive information from a host         computer.
For example,
>A POS terminal records purchases, processes payment, and updates inventory
>An automated teller machine (ATM) allows users to access their bank accounts
>A DVD kiosk is a self-service DVD rental machine

Summary :~ 

*Various techniques of entering input.

*Several commonly used input devices.

*Keyboard, mouse, and other pointing devices; touch screens, pen input, other input for smart               phones, game controllers, digital cameras, voice input, video input, scanners and reading devices,       biometric input, and terminals.

*Input devices for physically challenged users.

Chapter 5

Types of Utility Programs and Operating Systems 

Objectives :- 

>Define system software and identify the two types of system           software

>Describe the functions of an operating system

>Summarize the startup process on a personal computer

>Summarize the features of several stand-alone operating systems

>Briefly describe various server operating systems

>Summarize the features of several embedded operating systems

>Explain the purpose of several utility programs

System Software

> Consists of the programs that control or maintain the operations of the computer and its devices.

Operating System 

>An operating system (OS) is a set of programs containing instructions that work together to coordinate all the activities among computer hardware resources.

Functions :-  

      > Cold boot.

Turning on a computer that has been powered off completely.

      

      >Warm boot.

Using the operating system to restart a computer.

      

Chapter 4

Well this its the last class before a long weekend ahead.Selamat Hari Raya Aidiladha to you and your family Miss !!!

System Unit Components :~

*Differentiate among various styles of system units on desktop computers, notebook computers, and mobile devices
*Identify chips, adapter cards, and other components of a motherboard
*Describe the control unit and arithmetic logic unit components of a processor, and explain the four steps in a machine cycle
*Identify characteristics of various personal computer processors on the market today, and describe the ways processors are cooled
*Define a bit and describe how a series of bits represents data
*Explain how program instructions transfer in and out of memory

*Differentiate among the various types of memory

*Describe the purpose and types of expansion slots and adapter cards, and differentiate among slots for various removable flash memory devices

*Differentiate between a port and a connector, and explain the differences among a USB port, *FireWire port, Bluetooth port, SCSI port, eSATA port, IrDA port, serial port, and MIDI port

*Describe the types of buses in a computer

*Explain the purpose of a power supply and describe how it keeps cool

*Understand how to clean a system unit on a computer or mobile device


The System Unit :~ 

The system unit is a case that contains electronic components of the computer used to process data

The inside of the system unit on a desktop personal computer includes : 

*Drive bay(s)
*Power supply
*Sound card
*Video card
*Processor

*Memory

The motherboard is the main circuit board of the system unit 

~a computer chip contains integrated circuits.

Processor :~

The processor, also called the central processing unit (CPU), interprets and carries out the basic instructions that operate a computer

~Contain a control unit and an arithmetic logic unit (ALU)

 

There are many types of Processors,A processor chip generates heat that could cause the chip to burning up.Therefore requiring additional cooling with :~

*Heat sinks
*Liquid cooling technology

Data Representation :~ 

Analog signals are continuous and vary in strength and quality

Digital signals are in one of two states: on or off

The binary system uses two unique digits (0 and 1)

A computer circuit represents the 0 or the 1 electronically by the presence or absence of an electrical charge

Memory :~ 

The system unit contains two types of memory :~

Volatile memory:~

*Loses its contents when power is turned off

*Example includes RAM

Nonvolatile memory:~

*Does not lose contents when power is removed

*Examples include ROM, flash memory, and CMOS

Expansion Slots and Adapter Cards:~

*An expansion slot is a socket on the motherboard that can hold an adapter card

*An adapter card enhances functions of a component of the system unit and/or provides connections to peripherals

~Sound card and video card.

Removable flash memory includes:
*Memory cards
*USB flash drives
*PC Cards/ExpressCard modules

Ports and Connectors:~

*A port is the point at which a peripheral attaches to or communicates with a system unit (sometimes referred to as a jack)

*A connector joins a cable to a port

Buses:~ 

*A bus allows the various devices both inside and attached to the system unit to communicate with each other

~Data bus

~Address bus

Common types of Expansion Buses include :~

*PCI bus
*PCI Express bus
*Accelerated Graphics Port
*USB and FireWire bus
*PC Card bus

Keeping Your Computer or Mobile Device Clean:~

*Clean your computer or mobile device once or twice a year

*Turn off and unplug your computer or mobile device before cleaning it

*Use compressed air to blow away dust

*Use an antistatic wipe to clean the exterior of the case and a cleaning solution and soft cloth to clean   the screen

Summary :~ 

*Components of the system unit

*How memory stores data, instructions, and information
*Sequence of operations that occur when a computer executes an instruction
*Comparison of various personal computer processors on the market today
*How to clean the exterior and interior of a system uni

Chapter 3

I think Im starting to like this subject already....


Software For Systems.

Objectives :~

*Identify the four categories of application software
*Differentiate among the seven forms through which software is available
*Explain how the operating system and utility programs work with application software
*Describe characteristics of a user interface

*Identify the key features of widely used business programs

*Identify the key features of widely used graphics and multimedia programs

*Identify the key features of widely used home, personal, and educational programs

*Discuss the advantages of and ways to access Web applications

*Identify the types of application software used in communications

*Describe the learning aids available for application software

Application Software :~

To make business activities more efficient

To assist with graphics and multimedia projects

To support home, personal, and educational tasks


To facilitate communications

Types of Softwares :~

•Packaged software
•Custom software
•Web application
•Open source software
•Shareware
•Freeware
•Public-domain software

Application Software :~

System software serves as the interface between the user, the application software, and the computer’s hardware.For example,Utility Programs.

Business Software :~ 

Business software is application software that helps people with performing business activities.The following are the software's found in a Business Software.

*Word Processing

*Spreadsheet

*Database

*Presentation

*Note Taking

*Personal Information Manager

*Business Software for Phones

*Business Software Suites

*Project Management

*Accounting

*Document Management

*Enterprise Computing Software

Softwares under Graphics and Multimedia Software :~

*Computer-aided design (CAD) software

*Desktop publishing software


*Paint/Image editing software

*Professional photo editing software

*Video and audio editing software


*Multimedia authoring software

Software for Home, Personal, and Educational Use :~

*Personal finance software

*Legal software


*Tax preparation software

*Personal DTP software

*Personal paint/image editing software


*Personal photo editing software

*Clip art/image gallery

*Video and audio editing software


*Home design/landscaping software

*Travel and mapping software

*Reference software

*Educational software

*Entertainment software

Web Applications :~

A Web application is a Web site that allows users to access and interact with software from any computer or device that is connected to the Internet.

Application Software for Communications :~

*Web Browser

*E-Mail

*Instant Messaging

*Chat Room

*Text, Picture, Video Messaging

*RSS Aggregator

*Blogging

*Newsgroup/Message Board

*FTP

*VoIP

*Video Conferencing

Summary :~

*How to start and interact with application software

*Overview of a variety of business software, graphics and multimedia software, and home/personal/educational software

*Web applications and application software for communications

*Learning tools for application software and Web-based training

Chapter 2

Well its the second day of the class after a public holiday for us all to celebrate Malaysia's Independence day which was held on the 31st of August.Class started as usual at 8 am on a rather cold and damp Thursday morning,not the most ideal way to start a day but you have to do what you have to do.

Fundamentals of The World Wide Web and Internet.

Objectives :~ 

Discuss the evolution of the Internet
Identify and briefly describe various broadband Internet connections and state differences between broadband Internet connections and dial-up connections
Describe the types of Internet access providers
Describe the purpose of an IP address and its relationship to a domain name
Explain the purpose of a Web browser and identify the components of a Web address
Describe how to use a search engine to search for information on the Web and differentiate between a search engine and a subject directory

Describe the types of Web sites

Explain how Web pages use graphics, animation, audio, video, virtual reality, and plug-ins

Identify and briefly describe the steps required for Web publishing

Describe the types of e-commerce

Explain how e-mail, mailing lists, instant messaging, chat rooms, VoIP, newsgroups and message boards, and FTP work

Identify the rules of netiquette

The Internet? :~

The Internet is a worldwide collection of networks that links millions of businesses, government agencies, educational institutions, and individuals.The internet is what makes everything work nowadays as us humans depend more and more on it.

The Evolution of the Internet :~

The Internet originated as ARPANET in September 1969 and had two main goals :~

*Allow scientists at different physical locations to share information and work together

*Function even if part of the network were disabled or destroyed by a disaster

1969 ARPANET becomes functional ~> 1984 ARPANET has more than 1,000 individual computers linked as hosts ~> 1986 NSF connects NSFnet to ARPANET and becomes known as the Internet ~>1995 NSFNet terminates its network on the Internet and resumes status as research network ~> 1996 Internet2 is founded ~> Today More than 550 million hosts connect to the Internet.

Evolution of Internet Connectivity :~

Cable Internet service ~> DSL ~> Fiber to the Premises (FTTP) ~> Fixed wireless ~> Cellular Radio Network ~> Wi-Fi ~> Satellite Internet Service

How does a data travels the Internet using a cable modem connection :~

The World Wide Web :~

The World Wide Web, or Web, consists of a worldwide collection of electronic documents.
A Web site is a collection of related Web pages and associated items.
A Web server is a computer that delivers requested Web pages to your computer.

Web 2.0 refers to Web sites that provide a means for users to interact.

A Web page has a unique address called a URL or Web address

Two types of search tools are search engines and subject directories

*Search Engines : Find information related to a specific topic
*Subject Directory : Classifies Web pages in an organized set of categories

A search engine is helpful in locating items such as :~

Images,Videos,Audio,Publications,Maps,People or Businesses,Blogs.

Types of Web Sites :~ 

*Portal

*News
*Informational
*Business/Marketing
*Blog
*Wiki
*Online Social Network
*Education

*Entertainment

*Advocacy

*Web Application

*Content Aggregator

*Personal

Multimedia refers to any applications that combines text with :~

Graphics : A graphic is a digital representation of non-text information.

Animation : The appearance of motion created by displaying a series of still images in sequence.

Audio : Includes music, speech, or any other sound.

Video : Images displayed in motion.

Virtual Reality : Use of computers to simulate a real or imagined environment that appears as a 3D                                space.

A plug-in is a program that extends the capability of a Web browser.

E-Commerce :~ 

E-commerce is a business transaction that occurs over an electronic network.

Different types of E-Commerce :~

Business to Business (B2B)

Consumer (B2C)

Business to Government (B2G) 

Consumer to Consumer (C2C)

Mobile Commerce (m-commerce)